Pros And Cons Of Hybrid Cars - 1867 Words

The pros and cons of Hybrid/Alternative Fueled Vehicles: There are many factors to consider when purchasing a Hybrid or Alternative Fueled Vehicle. Most times when searching for a vehicle, consumers tend to search for amenities to help cut cost. When considering alternative fueled vehicles, consumers have to keep in mind that there are several types of hybrid vehicles with different operating abilities to choose from to satisfy the needs of the consumers. With hybrids, there are three types which are hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and all electric vehicles. Since they all operate differently, it is important to be informed to ensure the consumer is happy and satisfied with their investment. Hybrid Electric†¦show more content†¦This is often referred to as the â€Å"all electric range† of the car. Most of the driving with the plug-in hybrid comes from the stored electricity. If a consumer would like to use this vehicle to do light commuting, they can plug the vehicle in at night and the next day; this vehicle will be able to be driven in all electric modes. The batteries to the plug-in electric vehicles can be charged using an outside electric power source, the internal combustion engine or by the regenerative braking. When braking, the electrical motor behaves as the generator which uses the energy to charge the battery. There are two configurations used to combine power from the electric motor and the engine which are parallel and series. Parallel connects the engine and the electric motor to the wheels through mechanical coupling. The electric motor and engine drives the wheels directly. With series, plug-in hybrids only use the electric motor to drive the wheels. All Electric Vehicles use battery packs to store the electrical energy that provides power to the motor. These types of vehicles are charged by plugging the vehicle to an electrical power source. Since this car does not produce direct exhaust or emissions, it’s been said to be a zero-emissions vehicle. The use of fuel is not needed with this vehicle so this helps reduce petroleum consumption. This type of vehicle has a short range per charge than conventional vehiclesShow MoreRelatedThe Pros and Cons of Hybrid Cars Essays852 Words   |  4 Pagesefficient while using energy. One of these inventions is hybrid cars. Though hybrid cars are a known technology, not many people know exactly what they are all about. Since many people don’t know exactly what they’re about, they then really have no interest in purchasing one. Hybrid cars are very different from gasoline cars. Gasoline cars run purely off just gasoline which pollutes the air. A hybrid car can run off gasoline and work as an electric car. Using both of these systems, gasoline powered andRead MorePriua1542 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopment and production of a hybrid fuel-efficient vehicle to be put in the market as early as 1997. Analysis: The automotive industry is facing new challenges regarding customers being more environmentally concerned and sensitive towards fluctuations in the prices of gas. This potential market segment would be interested in a hybrid powertrain such as the one being developed by Toyota. The company has a longstanding history of producing efficient, reliable and valuable cars. Toyota Production SystemRead MoreHybrid Cars Vs. Conventional Cars869 Words   |  4 PagesBack in 1999, two of the most renowned car companies made a car with a purpose of fuel efficiency. Back then, there were only two hybrids available in the world market. Due to gas prices increasing, people find this type of car as a solution to this problem. Now, there are 71 different models available in the North American Market alone (Duffer). Because of high consumer demand, the number of production keeps on increasing. Hybrids cars are fuel efficient, and they help the environment, but theyRead MoreThe Job Title Of Automotive Technician1408 Words   |  6 Pages2012 this is a growing trade. This trade will never go down due to the fact that people will always need their cars fixed as long as cars exist. There are two types of automotive technicians, there is the specialty technicians repair only one system or component on a vehicle, such as brakes, suspension, or radiator. Then there are the service technicians who inspect, maintain, and repair cars and light trucks. Being an automotive technician is a demanding job, but, a well-paying job. As a growing tradeRead MoreThe Future Fuels For The Automotive Industry Essay1578 Words   |  7 Pagesin automotive vehicles. When considering the current market of cars, many have complaints in gas powered automobiles. There are many problems, commonly discussed, with emissions. Cars have a tendency to be harmful to the environment, and expensive to use frequently. This is where the alternatively powered cars are introduced into the conversation. There are multiple vehicles that can replace the prevalently operated, gas powered cars. However, alternatively powered vehicles must be considered inRead MoreAdjusting to the Policy of Energy Efficiency: Hybrid Cars Essays911 Words   |  4 PagesA popular invention is hybrid cars. The question is should consumers invest in buying one? Many people know about hybrid cars, but many people don’t know exactly how they work, therefore they find no interest in investing to buy one. Hybrid cars are extremely different than a gasoline car. Gasoline cars run off only gasoline, which produces more pollution that goes into the air. A gasoline-electric car, which uses both systems of gasoline powered and electric powered cars, emits less pollution intoRead MoreHybrid Vehicles And Climate Change922 Words   |  4 PagesHybrid Vehicles and Climate Change Are hybrid vehicles really that much better than normal gasoline vehicles? There are known pros and cons of having hybrid vehicles. Climate change is a huge issue in society and continues to grow as a worldwide issue. Hybrid cars use both a battery powered engine as well as a gas powered engine, it’s a very complex system for more things to go wrong in. Also, it has a special system for storing brake energy in an on board battery. Two motors in a vehicle have someRead MoreHybrid Cars And Hybrid Electric Vehicles902 Words   |  4 Pagesdaily life, there is two types of cars i.e. Gasoline vehicles and hybrid-electric vehicles, hybrid-electric cars which used quite a while but not as much as their gasoline counterparts. The difference between these two cars is mainly the Engine, tank, and the source on which the cars work. The hybrid-electric vehicle is more a computerized and electric version where it switch between running on gasoline and electricity. Other than that major changes, these cars are fundamentally the same. The bodyRead MoreA Pro Versus Con Argumentative Article Essay1347 Words   |  6 Pagestheir strong views on the topic in a pro versus con argumentative article. Blumenauer and Byrd both built up their credibility by using strong sources, including facts and statistics, and appealing to the readers’ emotions; however towards the end of the article both sides had a slight flaw which we akened their credibility. When analyzing both viewpoints of the topic, the credibility of the sources and appeals to ethos in the article are very important. The pro side of the article was written by EarlRead MoreFuel Consumption Problems and Solutions Essay1434 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay I will attempt to solve one of the biggest problems in modern world – dependence and very large consumption of gasoline. According to the Seattle Times, Americans use over 880 million gallons of gasoline per day. With an average of 755 cars for every 1000 people, the United States of America consumes more gasoline than South America, Europe, Africa, and Asia combined (Source: Energy Information Agency) ! Modern world get well more than 80% of its energy from fossil fuels, major part of

A needs orientated approach to care Free Essays

string(46) " order to be able to build this relationship\." Introduction The aims of this assignment are to provide a needs orientated approach to care using a nursing model alongside a nursing process in order to create a framework. The nursing model for the purpose of the assignment will be Roper, Logan and Tierney (RLT). A nursing model is used to determine what is important and relevant to providing individualized care (Barrett, Wilson, Woollands 2009). We will write a custom essay sample on A needs orientated approach to care or any similar topic only for you Order Now This will be discussed in detail providing evidence of strengths and weaknesses of the model. The nursing process that will be discussed will be APIE which is assess, plan, implement and evaluate. A nursing process is a systematic approach which focuses on each patient as an individual ensuring that the patients holistic needs are taken into consideration. These include physical, social, psychological, cultural and environmental factors. . The nursing process is a problem solving framework for planning and delivering nursing care to patients and their families (Atkinson and Murray 1995). When used collaboratively the nursing model and the nursing process should provide a plan of care that considers the patient holistically rather than just focusing on their medical diagnosis (Moseby’s 2009). It will also discuss an example of a care plan done for a fictional patient and evaluate and discuss how the nursing plan and the nursing process have created a plan of care and how effec tive this was or was not. Care planning is a highly skilled process used in all healthcare settings which aims to ensure that the best possible care is given to each patient. The Nursing and Midwifery council state that care planning is only to be undertaken by qualified staff or by students under supervision. The Department of health (2009) says that â€Å"Personalized care planning is about addressing an individual’s full range of needs, taking into account their health, personal, social, economic, educational, mental health, ethinic and cultural background and circumstances† with the aim of returning the patient to their previous state before they became ill and were hospitalized considering all of these needs to provide patient centered care. It recognizes that there are other issues in addition to medical needs that can impact on a person’s total health and well being’.It provides a written record accessible to all health professionals where all nursing interventions can be d ocumented. Care planning is extremely important as it enables all staff involved in the care to have access to relevant information about the patients current medical problems and how this affecting them in relation to the 12 activities of living as well as any previous medical history. Barrett et al (2009) state that taking care of an individuals needs is a professional, legal and ethical requirement. There are many different nursing models all of which have strengths and weaknesses and its up to the nurse to choose the right one for individual patient, the model which is used will vary between different speciailties depending on which is more relevant to the patient and their illness and needs. Although a vast majority of hospitals now use pre-printed care plans it is important to remember that not all the questions on them will be relevant to all patients. An example of this would be that activity of breathing may not have any impact on a healthy young adult be would be a major f actor for an elderly man with COPD. There are four stages to the nursing process which are Assess, plan, implement and evaluate (APIE) but Barrett et al state that there should be six stages to include systematic nursing diagnosis and recheck (ASPIRE) as although they are included in the nursing process they are not separate stages and could be overlooked.(Barrett et al 2009). It is important that a nursing process is used and it is set out in a logical order, the way in that the nurse would think this helps minimize omissions or mistakes. Roper, Logan and Tierney model of nursing suggests that there are five interrelated concepts which need to be taken into consideration when planning and implementing care which are activities of living, lifespan, dependence/independence continuum, factors influencing activities of living and individuality in living (Roper, Logan and Tierney 2008). Assessment Assessment is fundamental to gaining all the information required about the patient in order to give the best possible care. â€Å"Assessment is extremely important because it provides the scientific basis for a complete nursing care plan† (Moseby’s 2009). The initial assessment untaken by nurses is to gather information regarding the patients needs but this is only the beginning of assessing as the holistic needs of the patient including physical, physiological, spiritual, social, economic and environmental needs to be taken into consideration in order to deliver appropriate individualized care (Roper, Logan and Tierney 2008). When using the 12 activities of living (ALs) for assessment it gives a list a basic information required but must not just be used as a list as the patient will respond better to questions asked in an informal manner and when just part of the general conversation. RLT (2008) state that although every AL is important some are more important than o ther and this can vary between patients. It is important for nurses to obtain appropriate information through both verbal and non-verbal conversation patients are more likely to give correct information but without jumping to conclusions or putting words into their mouths. ‘Assessment is the cornerstone on which a patients care is planned, implemented and evaluated (RLT 2008). â€Å"Poor or incomplete assessment subsequently leads to poor care planning and implementation of the care plan† (Sutcliffe 1990). Information can be gained from the patient, the patients family and friends as well as any health records (Peate I, 2010) During this process of gathering information it is important to find out what the patient can do as well as what they cant. , McCormack, Manley and Garbett (2004) state that gathering the information requires a certain kind of relationship between the nurse and the patient and nurses need to be able to communicate effectively in order to be able to build this relationship. You read "A needs orientated approach to care" in category "Essay examples" A full assessment needs to consider how the patient was before they became ill or hospitalized in relation to their medical diagnosis as well as how the patient was dealing with it, how they are now, what is the change or difference if any, do they know what is causing the change, what if anything they are doing about it, do they have any resources now or have they have in the past to deal with the problem (barrett et al). RLT (2008) state that there are 5 factors that influence the 12 activities of living which are biological, psychologic al, sociocultural, environmental and politicoeconomic, these may not all have an effect on each patient but all need to be taken into consideration.The more information gained in the assessment process the easier the other steps will follow. RLT (2008) suggest that assessing is a continuous process and that further information will be obtained through observations and within the course of nursing the patient. At the end of the initial assessment the nurse should to identify the problems that the patient has. There are limitations to using a nursing process which are the 12 als are often used as a list as part of a core care plan and are not always individualized Walsh (1998) argues that the 12 activities of living may just be used as a list which could result in vital information being missed which could be detrimental to the patient. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC 2008) states a nurse is personally and professionally accountable for actions and omissions in practice and any decisions made must always be justifiable. There are many benefits to using a nursing process it is patient centered and enables individualized care for each patient. It also gives patients input into their own care and gives them a greater sense of control it is outcome focused using subjective and objective information which helps and encourages evaluation of the care given. It also minimizes any errors and omissions. When I carried out the assessing stage on mabel I did this using the 12 activities of living as suggested by Roper et al (2008) but this was used too much like a checklist. I didn’t gather enough information in order to be able to do the best plan of care possible for her although I don’t feel this could have been detrimental to the care she received it needed more information than I had. I also found it difficult deciding which information should go where so I endened up repeating information in more than one of the 12 als, Which although this wouldn’t have made a difference to the planning of the care plan there was too much irrelevant information which could mean that it wasn’t read thoroughly just skimmed over as it would take too much time. As I am inexperienced in doing this I realized when writing the care plan that there were many questions that I didn’t ask so there where many parts that could not be filled in. I also didn’t gather e nough objective data for certain parts so I didn’t have any evidence that the care had worked or how effective it had been. This is where Barrett et al (2009) state that there should be a systematic nursing diagnosis where nurses establish a nursing diagnosis rather than just a medical diagnosis. This is where the holistic needs of a patient are taken into consideration. Although nursing diagnosis differs from a medical diagnosis the two do interlink but a nursing diagnosis considers the physical, psychological and spiritual aspects of the medical diagnosis and problems that may arise from these. Another part of the systematic nursing diagnosis is to provide baselines to state where the patients are at at the present time so that a needs statement can be written in conjunction with the patient in terminology that they can understand(Barrett et al 2009). Planning The next stage of the nursing process is planning this is where all the information gained in the assessment part to plan the care of the patient. The planning stage of the process is where achievable goals need to be made through discussion with care givers and the patient or the patients representative. These goals need to contain both subjective goals and objective goals in order for them to be measurable and evaluated. The plan of care is to solve the actual problems the patient has and to prevent potential problems from becoming actual ones. It also aims to help the patient cope with their illness in a positive way and to make them as comfortable and pain free as possible (RLT 2008). Planning needs to be totally individualized and patient centered they need to feel they have a voice and part of the team. The more information gathered in assessment the easier the plan of care will be. The main objective of a nursing plan is to ‘provide the information on which systematic, i ndividualized nursing can be based and individualized nursing can be based and implemented by any nurse’ (RLT 2008). Through a detailed individualized plan of care any nurse caring for a particular patient should be able to see exactly what is required of them as all the information will be recorded in the care plan. The NMC (2008) says that nursing interventions need to be specific for that particular patient, based on best evidence, measurable and achievable. There are many different criteria for setting goals just one of these is PRODUCT which stands for, Patient centered, recordable, observable and measurable, directive, understandable and clear, credible and time related. This is just meant as a way of helping nurses to set goals (Barrett et al 2009). When planning care a great emphasis needs to be based on the dependence/independence continuum which will have been established in the assessment phase. The care to be given will encourage the patient to get back to as rea sonably possible or as close to where they were on the continuum as they were before they were admitted to hospital. Planning also needs to take into account the resources available to implement the care as they need to ensure that the care they are planning is achievable and will not be compromised by lack of resources or a shortage of nursing staff (Roper et al 2008). When I did a plan of care for mabel it quickly became evident how inexperienced I was. I didn’t gather enough information in the assessing period to be able to do an effective plan of care. I also didn’t know how achievable the goals where as I wasn’t aware of how long they would take to improve or if they where achievable or not, I also found it difficult determine which problems were interrelated and as a result tried to link anxiety in with another problem when in fact it was a problem on its own. I was able to write the needs statements effectively that were not long but on a couple of these the influencing factors were missed out which would be necessary when providing holistic care. Planning care for a patient requires a great deal of knowledge in the chosen specialty which is why it must be carried out by a qualified member of staff or a student under supervision. Implementation Implementation is the next part of the nursing process and where all the goals which were set in the planning stage are put into motion and the goals can start to be achieved through nursing and medical interventions. The main component of the implementation stage is the delivery of the care to the patient. This is done with nursing staff, the multidisciplinary team members involved in the patients care such as doctor, dieticians and physiotherapists and the patient themselves in order for the patient to be able to return to how they were previously before they were admitted to hospital. The plan of care will be specific to the particular patient and will focus on the biopsychosocial aspects of the patient (Marriner 1983).Implementation provides great emphasis on individualized care which is why it is important to establish in the previous phases where they are on the dependence/independence continuum and what they are able to do now and what they were able to do before. Individualis ed care is associated with how the patient did things before such as how the person carries out the ALs and how often they carry these out. An example of this would be when carrying out the AL of personal cleansing and dressing to individualise the care it would be necessary to have determined in the assessing stage how the patient usually did this and how often it wouldn’t be individualized if in the care plan it was stated that they got a shower every morning if at home they only did this once a week. Core care plans may be used in certain situations this can provide a greater level of care as potential problems can be foreseen if related to a certain problem on the other hand it is also important not to standardize care as patients react differently to different illnesses and treatment. (Faulkner A, 2000). The NMC (2008) state that nurses are required to ‘Make the care of people your first concern, treating them as individuals and respecting their dignity’. In order to deal with certain problems or situations people often develop coping strategies which can be either adaptive or maladaptive. Adaptive coping strategies are usually helpful to the patient whereas maladaptive ones could be detrimental to their health such as smoking or drinking, the patient may feel this helps them to deal with a present situation but it is actually causing them harm. Patients need to be discouraged from using maladaptive coping strategies this could be done by introducing them to adaptive coping strategies and encouraging them to change their maladaptive ones into adaptive ones. Diamond (2008) states that there are also legal and ethical issues when it comes to implementing care as consent needs to be gained before any care is implemented and if this is not given the care cannot be given this will obviously have an effect on how effective the care has been when evaluating the care. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) state in section 3 of the code of c onduct ‘you must obtain consent before you give any treatment or care’ (2002). During the implementation of Mabel I found that although I was able to implement the care effectively I hadn’t recognized all of the nursing interventions needed to provide holistic care and I wasn’t fully aware of timescales of the planned care. I feel I also needed to research further into Mabel’s problems in order to gain the appropriate knowledge to provide the best care available as this would ensure that are the interventions are evidence based and best practice (NMC 2008). Barrett et el (2008) state that this is where recheck should take place which would enable the health care provider to establish how effective the plan of care is before the treatment ends this would enable them to re-evaluate the plan of care while the treatment is still ongoing and adjust the goals accordingly. Evaluation Evaluation is where the care that has been given can be assessed to evaluate the care given and whether it has worked or not. Chalmers (1986) describe that it is an ongoing and continuous process and also occurs at timed points in a formal setting. Roper et al (2000) say that evaluating care also provides a basis for ongoing assessment, planning and evaluation. There are two different parts to evaluation summative evaluation and formative evaluation. Formative evaluation is done with the patient taking into account whether they feel the care given has worked when done with consideration of the dependence/independence continuum information regarding the patients previous place on the dependence/independence continuum can be obtained from the patient, their friends and relatives as well as other health care professionals in the multidisciplinary team involved in the care of the patient. Summative evaluation is when the holistic view of the patient is taken into consideration how they feel about the treatment, whether they felt that the goals were achievable. It so where all the measureable data stated in the baselines and data received after this time are analyzed to show how effective or not the treatment has been. When evaluating care consideration needs to be given to the influencing factors such as biological factors as the bodies physical ability varies according to age the physical ability of an older person is generally less efficient, therefore therefore the plan of care needs to take this into consideration so that when the evaluation takes place it its hoped to have been effective. A nurse needs to evaluate her patient’s status regularly for some patients this will be just once a day but for others it will be much more frequent depending on their illness and healthcare status. RLT (2008) says that evaluation must be individual to the specific patient and not just a standard goal that is related to a specific problem. If goals haven’t been achieved then it is up to the nursing staff to determine why. Maybe the goals set weren’t measureable or achievable. Parsley and Corrigan (1999) say that if goals haven’t been measureable or achievable then new goals need t o be set. It could also be that the nursing interventions were not successful in which case new interventions should be set. Through my evaluation of Mabel it was evident that I did not require all the information to do a comprehensive plan of care. Although I did set baselines which meant I could compare data I wasn’t experienced enough to set goals to the correct timeframe I also didn’t obtain enough measureable information in certain problems to be fully able to assess how effective or ineffective the care had been. Had I had more experience I feel that the evaluation wouldn’t be a problem. Evaluation requires checking and rechecking in order to see the effectiveness of the care delivered. It requires knowledge and expertise to be able to effectively evaluate and amend the goals and interventions set as necessary. The whole care planning process took me a long time and I still was not very good at certain aspects of it. When setting goals a lot of detailed information is required in order for the plan of care to be effective so I can now understand why it is necessary for a trained member of staff to carry out the task. Conclusion This assignment has shown that when used together the nursing process and the nursing model provide a good basis to providing care. It sets out a systematic approach to providing care. Care needs to be set out in a way that both the nurse and the patient know exactly what is happening as well as any other health care professional in the multidisciplinary team providing care for the patient. It has also shown that involving patients in their care enables them to feel they are part of the team and are more likely to help themselves with their care. Reference list Sutcliffe E 1990, Reviewing the process progress. A critical review of literature on the nursing process. Senior Nurse, 10(a), 9-13. Applying the Roper-Logan-Tierney model in practice 2008 Elsevier ltd. Roper N, Logan W, Tierney J (2008) The Roper Logan Tierney model of nursing, Churchill Livingstone:London. Dimond, B. (2008) Legal Aspects of Nursing, 4th ed. Harlow: Pearson Education. Barrett D, Wilson B, Woolands A (2009) Care planning a guide for nurses: Pearson, Essex. Faulkner A (2000) Nursing The reflective approach to adult nursing. Stanley Thornes: Cheltenham. Peate I (2010) Nursing care and the activities of living 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell: West Sussex. Yura H, Walsh M (1983) The nursing process: Assessment, Planning, Implementing, Evaluating. Appleton Century: Crofts Norfolk. Cook S (1995) The merits of individualized measures within routine clinical practice. . http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Healthcare/Longtermconditions/DH_093359(2009) (29/04/11 Alfaro R (2002), Applying the nursing process: Promoting collaborative care 5th ed. Lippincott: London. Moseby’s Medical Dictionary (2009), 8th ed, Elsevier. http://www.nmc-uk.org/Nurses-and-midwives/Advice-by-topic/A/Advice/Accountability/[Date Accessed 11/04/2011]. McCormack B, Manley K and Garbett R (2004) Practice Development in Nursing, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford. Atkinson L Murray E, (1995), Clinical guide to care planning, McGraw, Oxford. NMC (2002), The NMC code of professional conduct, Nursing and Midwifery Council Publications How to cite A needs orientated approach to care, Essay examples

Provide Care for Babies and Toddlers

Question: Discuss about theProvide Care for Babies and Toddlers. Answer: List some of the Organizational Policies and procedures relevant to the physical, emotional and developmental needs of babies, toddlers and older children. Babies, toddlers, and the older children all are having different types of nursing categories with which they get nourished. As per the National Quality Framework, the policies and the procedures for the developmental needs of the organization are based upon few guidelines that give the basic knowledge regarding its formulation. Those are the formulated with identifying the basic needs that can provide the response to the issues of the children. Those children can be of babies, toddlers, and older children (American Diabetes Association, 2013). That is the reason the National Quality Framework has provided with the laws of National law and which gives the idea of behaving with the children. In the older children, it is mandatory to consider the self-esteem of the children. The policy and procedure say that it is mandatory to respect the privacy of the children. Therefore under the legislation, the National Quality Standard made the provision of having a particular benchmark to provid e the standard quality of services in taking care of the babies and the toddlers. In this process, the National Quality Framework goes with its principles in guiding the services to achieve the standards of the developmental needs of the babies, toddlers, and the older children (Anglin, 2014). List one of the Quality Areas and a relevant Standard and Element of the National Quality Standard which applies to the physical, emotional and developmental needs of babies, toddlers, and older children. The National Quality Standard describes the particular process which is responsible for delivering the quality amount of services for the betterment of the children. The services that are given to the babies, toddlers, and older children are assessed by the National Quality Framework which further provides the rating to the services. In this process, the regulatory body of the National Quality Standard makes the check regarding the quality areas. Out of all the quality areas of the National Quality Standard that must be applied to the physical, emotional and developmental needs of the babies, toddlers, and the older children are the relationships with children (Berry et al., 2013)n. The sources say that the children can be taken better care by the parent where they can get more opportunities for interaction. The babies and the toddlers can get special care getting close to their parents. And the older children with more and more interaction there will have the establishment of the re spectful and positive relationship in between them. Further by taking care of the relationship the older children builds up a sense of security and belongingness within them. At the same time, the babies and the toddlers very lovingly explore the environment with getting engaged in their playing and learning process (Graham, Jordan, Yeoh, 2015). As mentioned in the question during the process of early childhood education and care services must include the food safety program that will prevent the spreading of the infectious diseases. In this process, there must be followed the safety measures by the educators and the staff members during the preparation of food. It is always necessary to wash hands before the preparation of food. Also, the cuts and or the bandages must be covered with gloves by keeping the personal hygiene in concern. Along with that, it is not mandatory to have any jewellery than few of them during cooking (James, Nelson, Ashwill, 2014). Similarly, the food after eating must be kept in the refrigerator if anything left over within two hours of consumption. Also, the food that has to be kept must be kept in the refrigerator in less than 5oC, as the microorganisms usually grow in between 5oC to 60oC. Also, the food must be heated to the temperature more than 60oC to keep in microbe free. The food storage of the raw and cooled food always has different guidelines. Both the foods should be kept separately. The raw dry foods can be kept in the air tight containers on the shelves. The cooked food also to be stored in the containers in the fridge in the cold temperature by preventing spilling as it makes contamination. The raw foods are kept separately because if it is kept with the cooked food, then the juices from the raw food can get into cooked food by contaminating it. Again while preparing the bottles that must be boiled in the heat to make it bacteria-free (Janssens et al., 2013). The bottles are stood upright. The heating of the bottles depends upon the quantity of the bottle. After that, before giving it to the infant, it must be inverted finely and let to settle down, and the temperature is tested by taking few drops in hand. After that, the bottles are to be stored on the shelf in the refrigerator, not on the doors of the refrigerator. Outline an Article of the Convention on the Rights of the Child that relates to ensuring children develops physically. In the Article of Convention of Rights of Child there contain 54 articles, and out of those 54 articles, the Article no.6 describes the factor ensuring bout the physical development of the child. It is because the Article no.6 deals with the life, survival, and development. According to the Article no.6, every child has the right towards its life. Therefore as per that condition the State has the responsibility to make the obligation that can help in ensuring the childs development and survival (King, Chiarello, 2014). Using the Code of Ethics, briefly, outline an educators professional responsibility about the physical development of children. During the development of children, for the children, the parents can also be an educator who contributes to its physical development. As the childhood is a significant time that is the reason the educator must be aware of the exact situation where the child needs which type of development. The educator must be able to recognize the strengths and the capabilities of the child after which the proper learning education should be given to the child as per his or her requirement (Lindley et al., 2013). For the physical development of the child, the educator must make the child expose to the physical environment that will help in enhancing the childs dignity, learning, interaction, self-worth, and development. By this there the child will be able to understand their relationship with the outer world and the child can easily get adapted to the natural environment. Organizational standards, policies, and procedures make a list of the policies relevant to this unit of competency. The policies and the procedures are made in this context is due to the skills and the knowledge that are attained by the educators during the process of working with the children. These are formulated to make sure by ensuring the development and maintenance of the effective relationships with the child that will further help in the promotional process of positive behaviour within the child. The development of the positive relationship with the child is made through the positive communication and interaction with children and by promoting positive behaviours with the children. Along with that, the educators must do the collaborative work with the children (Mathu-Muju, Friedman, Nash, 2013). That is the reason the educator must respect the similarities and the differences of the child that can enhance their capabilities. With having these activities, the Educator can help the child in supporting them in the decision-making the process by which they can become self-dependent. The polic y helps in making the development and implementation by ensuring the parents, supervisor and the staff members with all the requirements of the child. The policy ensures the children to adequately supervise. Along with that, the policy deals with the specific group that provides the children best opportunities. The policy ensures the encouragement of the children for expressing the opinions of the children, and by this, the children maintain the dignity and their rights which provide positive guidances. EYLF or the Early Years Learning Framework is the additional tutorial that helps the educators in providing early care, education and learning to the child. The process of EYLF in children is carried through the framework of belonging, being and becoming. In this, the EYLF can be applied where the children have the strong sense of identity along with those which can get connected to the world (Marshall, Gidman, Callery, 2013). Apart from that the children those have a strong sense of well-being can have the EYLF. Again the children those are confident learners and effective communicators can get EYLF. MTOP is the process that helps the educators of school care to have the development of self-paced professionals in the school (Lindley et al., 2013). It helps the educators of the school to make the examination of the current reflective practices which can be said to be implemented in the National Quality Framework. Due to this there develop the collaborative relationships in between the schools with the school age care services. Access the UN Convention on the rights of the child and list the articles that apply to this unit of competency. As per the UN convention, there are many Articles that directly state the development of the positive relationship with of the child and match the particular competency. Those articles include the Article no. 2, 3, 5, 12, 13, 14, 27, 29 and 31 (Marshall, Gidman, Callery, 2013). These entire articles in some way or other contribute towards the enhancement of the positive and respectful relationship with the child. In this process, the educator has its major contribution which modulates the child behaviour with their concerned actions. References American Diabetes Association. (2013). Standards of medical care for patients with diabetes mellitus.Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal,20(2). Anglin, J. P. (2014).Pain, normality, and the struggle for congruence: Reinterpreting residential care for children and youth. Routledge. Berry, J. G., Agrawal, R. K., Cohen, E., Kuo, D. Z. (2013). The landscape of medical care for children with medical complexity.Overland Park: Childrens Hospital Association. Graham, E., Jordan, L. P., Yeoh, B. S. (2015). Parental migration and the mental health of those who stay behind to care for children in South-East Asia.Social Science Medicine,132, 225-235. James, S. R., Nelson, K., Ashwill, J. (2014).Nursing care of children: Principles and practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Janssens, A., Hayen, S., Walraven, V., Leys, M., Deboutte, D. (2013). Emergency psychiatric care for children and adolescents: a literature review.Pediatric emergency care,29(9), 1041-1050. King, G., Chiarello, L. (2014). Family-Centered Care for Children With Cerebral Palsy Conceptual and Practical Considerations to Advance Care and Practice.Journal of child neurology, 0883073814533009. Lindley, L. C., Mark, B. A., Lee, S. Y. D., Domino, M., Song, M. K., Vann, J. J. (2013). Factors associated with the provision of hospice care for children.Journal of pain and symptom management,45(4), 701-711. Mathu-Muju, K. R., Friedman, J. W., Nash, D. A. (2013). Oral health care for children in countries using dental therapists in public, school-based programs, contrasted with that of the United States, using dentists in a private practice model.American journal of public health,103(9), e7-e13. Marshall, M., Gidman, W., Callery, P. (2013). Supporting the care of children with diabetes in school: a qualitative study of nurses in the UK.Diabetic Medicine,30(7), 871-877.